Exploiting emotions like fear, anger, and hope to drive action without critical thought. Tactics include fear-based messaging, scapegoating, and exaggerating threats.

Spreading false or misleading information, whether unintentionally or deliberately. This includes misleading statistics, out-of-context quotes, and outright fabrications.

Creating an illusion of widespread agreement through methods like fake online engagement, censorship of opposing voices, and amplifying fringe opinions.

Using euphemisms, loaded language, and selective emphasis to shape public perception—often softening harsh realities or provoking emotional reactions.